Challenges of layer-structured cathodes for sodium-ion batteries

As essentially the most promising different to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) nonetheless face many points that hinder their large-scale commercialization. Layered transition steel oxide cathodes have attracted widespread consideration owing to their giant particular capability, excessive ionic conductivity, and possible preparation situations. Nevertheless, their electrochemical properties are normally restricted by the irreversible section transition and harsh storage situations brought on by humidity sensitivity. Not too long ago, large efforts have been dedicated to fixing these points towards superior high-performance layered oxide cathodes. Herein, we summarize these remaining challenges of layered oxide cathodes and the corresponding modification methods such because the variations in chemical compositions, the structure of (nano)micro-structures, floor engineering, and the regulation of section compositions. We hope that the understanding offered on this assessment can present helpful steering to growing high-performance layer-structured cathode supplies for superior SIBs.