Exception Dealing with in Java with Examples

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exception handling in java

Exception dealing with in java is among the highly effective mechanisms to deal with runtime errors attributable to exceptions. Exception dealing with performs an essential function in software program improvement. This text helps you perceive java exception, exception in java, java exception dealing with, java exception hierarchy, sorts of exception in java, and lots of extra.

What’s Exception Dealing with in Java?

Exception dealing with in java helps in minimizing exceptions and helps in recovering from exceptions. It is among the highly effective mechanisms to deal with runtime exceptions and makes it bug-free. Exception dealing with helps in sustaining the stream of this system. An exception dealing with is outlined as an irregular situation that will occur at runtime and disturb the traditional stream of this system.

Additionally Learn: Java Tutorial for rookies

What’s an Exception?

An expectation is an surprising occasion that happens whereas executing this system, that disturbs the traditional stream of the code.

Exception dealing with in java with an instance:

Let’s say,

assertion
assertion
assertion
exception ………… an exception occurred, then JVM will deal with it and can exit the prog.
assertion
assertion
assertion

For dealing with exceptions, there are 2 attainable approaches

exception handling in java

1. JVM

If an exception isn’t dealt with explicitly, then JVM takes the accountability of dealing with the exception.

As soon as the exception is dealt with, JVM will halt this system and no extra execution of code will happen

import java.util.*;

class Predominant {
    public static void major (String[] args) {
        System.out.println(5/0);
        System.out.println("Finish of program!");
	}
}

Runtime Error:

 Exception in thread "major" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
 at Predominant.major(File.java:5) 

2. Developer

Builders can explicitly write the implementation for dealing with the exception. As soon as an exception is dealt with, the traditional execution of code will proceed.

Preferable: deal with exceptions to make sure your code will get executed usually.

Java Exception Hierarchy

Exception Hierarchy – Following is the Exception Dealing with in Java dealing with hierarchy.

exception handling in java
  • Throwable – 
    • It’s the root class for the exception hierarchy in java. 
    • It’s within the java.lang bundle.
  • Error – 
    • Subclass of Throwable.
    • Include irregular situation that’s out of 1’s management and will depend on the setting
    • They’ll’t be dealt with and can all the time consequence within the halting of this system.
    • Eg: StackOverFlowError that may occur in infinite loop or recursion
  • Exception
    • Subclass of Throwable.
    • Include irregular circumstances that may be dealt with explicitly.
    • If one handles the exception then our code will proceed to execute easily.

Kinds of exception in Java

  • Checked Exceptions
    • These exceptions which can be checked at compile-time includes checked exceptions.
    • They’re youngster courses of Exception apart from RuntimeException.
    • This system is not going to compile if they don’t seem to be dealt with.
    • Instance: IOException, ClassNotFoundException, and many others.
  • Unchecked Exceptions
    • These exceptions which can be checked at runtime includes unchecked exceptions.
    • They’re youngster courses of RuntimeException.
    • They offer runtime errors if not dealt with explicitly.
    • Instance: ArithmeticException, NullPointerException and many others.

Distinction between Checked and Unchecked Exception

Checked Exceptions Unchecked Exceptions
Happen at compile time. Happen at runtime.
The compiler checks for a checked exception. The compiler doesn’t examine for exceptions.
May be dealt with on the compilation time. Can’t be caught or dealt with throughout compilation time.
The JVM requires that the exception be caught and dealt with. The JVM doesn’t require the exception to be caught and dealt with.
Instance of Checked exception- ‘File Not Discovered Exception’ Instance of Unchecked Exceptions- ‘No Such Aspect Exception’

Java Exception Index

Java Exception Key phrases

Exception Dealing with in java is managed through 5 key phrases: attempt, catch, throw, throws, and at last. Listed here are 5 key phrases which can be utilized in dealing with exceptions in Java

Key phrase Description
attempt This key phrase is used to specify a block and this block should be adopted by both catch or lastly. That’s, we will’t use attempt block alone.
catch This key phrase should be preceded by a attempt block to deal with the exception and will be adopted by a last block later.
lastly This key phrase is used to execute this system, whether or not an exception is dealt with or not.
throw This key phrase is used to throw an exception.
throws This key phrase is used to declare exceptions.

Java Attempt-Catch Block

Attempt-catch syntax:

attempt{
}
catch(Exception e){
}
public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   attempt{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }catch(ArithmeticException e){
		       System.out.println(e);
		   }
	}
}

Output:

3
5
10
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero 
  • attempt block incorporates the code that may throw an exception. Don’t write something further in attempt as statements after the exception is not going to get executed if the exception occurred. Attempt should be instantly adopted by catch or lastly block.
public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   attempt{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }
	}
}

Compile-time error:

prog.java:5: error: 'attempt' with out 'catch', 'lastly' or useful resource declarations
    attempt{
    ^
1 error 
  • The catch block is used to catch the exception thrown by statements within the attempt block. The catch should comply with attempt else it should give a compile-time error.
public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   attempt{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }
		   System.out.println("between try to catch");
		   catch(ArithmeticException e){
		       System.out.println(e);
		   }
	}
}

Compile Time Error:

prog.java:5: error: 'attempt' with out 'catch', 'lastly' or useful resource declarations
    attempt{
    ^
prog.java:9: error: 'catch' with out 'attempt'
    catch(ArithmeticException e){
    ^
2 errors 

Issues to Bear in mind:

Don’t preserve any code after the assertion which is susceptible to exception. As a result of if an exception occurred, it should immediately bounce to the catch or lastly block, ignoring all different statements within the attempt block.

class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
         attempt
       {
             System.out.println(4/0);
	 //is not going to get printed
             System.out.println("finish of attempt!");
        }
catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
    }
}

Output:

divide by 0
  • Whereas catching the exception within the catch block, both you may have immediately the category of exception or its superclass.

Instance: Precise Exception

class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
           }
      
        //ArithmeticException 
        catch(ArithmeticException e){
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
    }
}

Output:

divide by 0

Instance: Superclass of Precise Exception

class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
           }
      
        //superclass of ArithmeticException 
        catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
     }
}

Output:

divide by 0

Java A number of Catch Block

You probably have a number of catches, you need to preserve the hierarchy from subclass to superclass.

Incorrect:

class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println("Exception : divide by 0");
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException :divide by 0");
        }
	}
}

Compile-time error:

 prog.java:11: error: exception ArithmeticException has already been caught
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
         ^
1 error 

Right:

class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println("Exception : divide by 0");
        }
   }
}

Output:

ArithmeticException: Divide by 0

Java Nested Attempt

When there’s one other attempt block inside the attempt block:

class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
        attempt{
                attempt{
                    int[] a={1,2,3};
                    System.out.println(a[3]);
                }
   catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
                {
                    System.out.println("Out of bounds");
                }
              System.out.println(4/0);
        }
       catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }
	}
    }

Output:

Out of bounds
ArithmeticException: Divide by 0 

Word – If we put code of outer attempt earlier than inside attempt, then if an exception occurred, it should ignore your entire inside try to transfer on to its catch block.

class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
        attempt{
               System.out.println(4/0);
               attempt{
                    int[] a={1,2,3};
                    System.out.println(a[3]);
                }
   catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
                {
                    System.out.println("Out of bounds");
                }
        }
       catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }
	}
    }

Output:

ArithmeticException: Divide by 0

Java Lastly Block

Incorporates code that should be executed regardless of if an exception is thrown or not. It incorporates code of file launch, closing connections, and many others.

exception handling in java
class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println(e);       
        }
        lastly
        {
            System.out.println("lastly executed");
        }
        
       	        System.out.println("finish");
	}
}

Output:

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
lastly executed
finish 

Lastly, will execute even when we don’t deal with exceptions. Earlier than halting this system, JVM checks if there’s a “lastly” block.

class Predominant {
	public static void major (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
            
        }lastly
        {
            System.out.println("cleansing.......");
        }
	}
}

Runtime Error:

 Exception in thread "major" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
 at Predominant.major(File.java:4) 

Output:

cleansing.......

Java Ultimate vs Lastly vs Finalize

Ultimate Lastly Finalize
Ultimate is used to use restrictions on class, methodology, and variable Lastly is utilized in coding, it is going to be executed whether or not an exception is dealt with or not. Finalize is used to carry out clean-up processing earlier than rubbish is collected.
Ultimate is a key phrase in java Lastly is a block in java Finalize is a technique in java
Ultimate is executed upon its name. Lastly executes after”try-catch” block. finalize executes simply earlier than the destruction of the article.

Java Throw Key phrase

It’s a key phrase that’s used to explicitly throw an exception.

We are able to use throw the place in keeping with our logic an exception ought to happen.

Instance:

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void canVote(int age){
		if(age<18)
            attempt{
                throw new Exception();
            }catch(Exception e){
                System.out.println("you aren't an grownup!");
            }
		else
		   System.out.println("you may vote!");
	}
	public static void major (String[] args) {
		canVote(20);
		canVote(10);
	}
}

Output:

you may vote!
you aren't an grownup! 

Java Throws Key phrase

  • Throws key phrase is used when callee doesn’t need to deal with the exception slightly it needs to increase this accountability of dealing with the exception to the caller of the operate.
  • Principally says what kind of exception the code can throw and depends on the caller to deal with it.
  • It’s used to deal with checked Exceptions because the compiler is not going to permit code to compile till they’re dealt with.

Instance:

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void func(int a) throws Exception{
		   System.out.println(10/a);  
	}
	public static void major (String[] args) {
		attempt{
		    func(10);
		    func(0);
		}catch(Exception e){
		   System.out.println("cannot divide by zero");
		}
	
	}
}

Output:

1
cannot divide by zero 

If callee can throw a number of exceptions, then all might be thrown concurrently.

import java.util.*;

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void func(int a,int b) throws ArithmeticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException{
		   System.out.println(10/a); 
		   int[] arr={1,2,3};
		   System.out.println(arr[b]);
	}
	public static void major (String[] args) {
		Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
		for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
		attempt{
		    func(in.nextInt(),in.nextInt());
    		}catch(ArithmeticException e){
    		   System.out.println("cannot divide by zero");
    		}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
    		   System.out.println("Out of bounds!");
    		}
		     }
		
	}
   }

Enter:

2 1
0 1
2 3 

Output:

5
2
cannot divide by zero
5
Out of bounds! 

Java Throw vs Throws

Throw Throws
This key phrase is used to explicitly throw an exception. This key phrase is used to declare an exception.
A checked exception can’t be propagated with throw solely. A checked exception will be propagated with throws.
The throw is adopted by an occasion and used with a technique Throws are adopted by class and used with the strategy signature.
You can’t throw a number of exceptions. You possibly can declare a number of exceptions

Java Customized Exception

You possibly can create your personal exception and provides implementation as to the way it ought to behave. Your exception will behave like a baby’s class of Exception.

Syntax:

 class YourException extends Exception{}
  • Instance:
    • let’s say, you might be working with an airline firm 
    • You’re within the baggage check-in division and as per guidelines, you may permit 15kg per buyer.
    • So now greater than 15kg of weight is an irregular situation for us or in different phrases its an exception
    • That is our logic-based exception, so we’ll create our customized exception WeightLimitExceeded 
    • As per syntax, it should lengthen Exception.
    • We outline the constructor which is able to get invoked as quickly as an exception might be thrown
    • We’ve to explicitly throw the exception and therefore we are going to use throw key phrase for that.
    • Utilizing throws key phrase is as per our want. If we’re dealing with an exception the place it’s getting thrown then we will keep away from throws, else we are going to use throws and deal with it within the caller.

Implementation:

import java.util.*;

class WeightLimitExceeded extends Exception{
    WeightLimitExceeded(int x){
        System.out.print(Math.abs(15-x)+" kg : ");
    }
}


class Predominant {
    void validWeight(int weight) throws WeightLimitExceeded{
        if(weight>15)
            throw new WeightLimitExceeded(weight);
        else
            System.out.println("You're able to fly!");
    }
    
      public static void major (String[] args) {
        Predominant ob=new Predominant();
        Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
        for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
            attempt{
                ob.validWeight(in.nextInt());
            }catch(WeightLimitExceeded e){
                System.out.println(e);
            }
        }
        
	}
}

Enter:

20
7 

Output:

5 kg : WeightLimitExceeded
You're able to fly! 

Exception Dealing with in java with methodology overriding

Exception Dealing with in Java with Technique Overriding is an overridden methodology that declares to throw an exception and declare that it may well throw the identical exception or subtype of that exception.

To deal with the exception in Java, you’ll have to comply with three essential guidelines. They’re depicted within the beneath determine.

exception handling in java
Exception Dealing with in Java with Technique Overriding

Benefits and downsides of exception dealing with in java

Benefits of excepting dealing with in java 

  • Separating Error-Dealing with Code from “Common” Code
  • Propagating Errors Up the Name Stack
  • Grouping and Differentiating Error Sorts

Disadvantages of excepting dealing with in java 

  • Experiencing pointless overhead
  • Not understanding how the appliance actually works
  • Filling your logs with noisy occasions
  • Incapacity to give attention to what really issues

This brings us to the top of this text on exception dealing with in java. We hope that you’re now clear concerning the idea of exception dealing with in java. In case you want to know extra concerning the java programming language, then go online to our free java programming course and energy forward in your profession.

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